Tomato spot wilt virus ( TSWV ) causes a scope of symptom , depending on the geezerhood of plants , atmospheric condition conditions and nutritionary status . symptom let in yellow mottling of leaves , ringspots , chlorotic blotches and descent / mosaic patterns . wilt and purpling of leave of absence can fall out and necrotic lesion can develop on stems of impress plants . Plants can be stunted , have reduced vigour , or in some case pall . Symptoms are similar to , and can be confused with , nutritionary disorders , bacterial or fungal diseases , or unconventional management techniques .
TransmissionTSWV is transmitted by seven thrip metal money , four of which are present in Australia : onion thrips ( Thrips tabaci ) , melon thrip ( Thrips palmi ) , tomato thrips ( Frankliniella schultzei ) , and western heyday thrips ( WFT ) ( Frankliniella occidentalis ) with WFT being the most efficient vector . Thrips remain infectious for life but do not drop dead the virus to their issue through the orchis . Approximately five days are take from the time the thrips are infected with the computer virus to when the thrips are able to conduct the virus to another industrial plant .
It is not circularize by other saphead - sucking insects such as aphids , whiteflies and leafhopper , but can be spread by the vegetational propagation of infected plants , such as cutting and medulla . The virus is not spread in seed or on equipment , does not live on in filth or decompose crop balance , and is not spread by wield plant .
Favoured byAn teemingness of locoweed specie that horde thrips colonies , climatical weather condition favouring thripid population growth . High thrip phone number and low temperatures .
Host rangeTSWV was first described on Lycopersicon esculentum works in Australia in 1915 and is the reference virus for the Tospovirus chemical group of plant virus . TSWV is a major reason of craw loss throughout Australia . It has one of the largest host compass of any plant virus , infest over 900 mintage of weed , champaign crops , vegetables and ornamental . Many hosts are in the Irish potato ( Solanaceae ) , aster ( Asteraceae ) and legume ( Fabaceae ) family line . crop that often get major losses from TSWV include lettuce , capsicum pepper plant , tomato , potato , and ornamental crop such as aster , marsh rosemary , calendula and dahlia . Other crop hosts that abide sporadic losses include peanut , tobacco , chickpea , rhubarb plant , eggplant , celery and a kitchen range of decorative species .
TSWV weed hosts that occur in Australia and have a major role in the life cycle of both the virus and the thrips vectors include sowthistle ( Sonchus oleraceus ) , capeweed ( Arctotheca calendula ) , thornapples ( Datura spp . ) , cobbler ’s pegs ( Bidens pilosa ) , nightshades ( Solanum spp . ) and Jamaican snakeweed ( Stachytarpheta jamaicensis ) .
Source : Your Levy at Work
