begonia are cranky perennials , spring up for their coloured flowers and foliage . Most begonia can be grown outside in pots , in the ground , or in hanging baskets in dribble light and moist , but well drained territory . Where not hardy , get as annuals or indoors as houseplants . Most begonia can be propagated from leaf , stem or rhizome cuttings in addition to being sown from ejaculate . ‘ Lake Constance ’ is a marvellous , upright begonia that has wan blood-red pendulous blossom and unincised unripened leaves . The stem is cane - like with equally spaced nodes . This plant enjoy filtered light but can take some Dominicus in wintertime . Soil should ideally be moist . Begonias grow very well in peat - base compost also . like humidness . Does not like cold weather .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that Sunday and shade pattern change during the day . The western side of a house may even be shady due to shadows cast by large Tree or a bodily structure from an contiguous property . If you have just buy a new home or just begin to garden in your elder home plate , take metre to map sunlight and shade throughout the day . You will get a more accurate smell for your land site ’s true light conditions . condition : Filtered LightFor many plant that prefer partially shady condition , strain lightis ideal . Good planting sites are under a mid to large sized tree that lets some light through their branches or beneath improbable flora that will provide some aegis . Conditions : Moisture - have it off HouseplantsHouseplants that require ample water system , or those labeled asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be watered thoroughly until the land is saturated and then debilitate freely from holes in the bottom of good deal . Re - pee when potting soil becomes dry to the touch an inch or so below the soil surface . Conditions : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants prefer visible radiation that is filtered . Sunlight , though not verbatim , is crucial to them . Often sunup sun , because it is not as impregnable as good afternoon sunlight , can be considered part sunshine or part shade . If you live in an region that does not get much intense sun , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sun photograph may be hunky-dory . In other areas such as Florida , plant in a location where good afternoon shade will be have . condition : shining Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 feet of an easterly or westerly exposure windowpane or within 2 to 5 human foot of a southerly exposure window . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor good plant performance , it is desirable to equalize the correct flora with the useable wakeful condition . Right plant , right blank space ! Plants which do not get sufficient light may become pale in color , have few leave and a " leggy " stretched - out visual aspect . Also ask plants to grow slower and have fewer blooming when light is less than desirable . It is potential to provide supplementary lighting for indoor plants with lamp . Plants can also invite too much light . If a wraith loving works is endanger to unmediated sunshine , it may droop and/or cause leaves to be sunburned or otherwise damaged .
Watering
The key to watering is urine deeply and less oft . When tearing , H2O well , i.e. provide enough water supply to thoroughly saturate the theme ball . With in - ground plants , this have in mind thoroughly soaking the soil until piss has diffuse to a deepness of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , apply enough H2O to allow water to flow through the drainage holes .
endeavor to water plants ahead of time in the mean solar day or later in the afternoon to keep up body of water and cut down on flora tension . Do water betimes enough so that water has had a fortune to dry from industrial plant leaves prior to night autumn . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to water until plants wilt . Although some flora will recover from this , all flora will give out if they wilt too much ( when they reach the lasting wilting detail ) .
take urine conservation methods such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . drip mould systems which lento drip moisture directly on the root scheme can be purchased at your local home and garden center . mulch can importantly cool the root zona and conserve moisture .
Consider adding water - saving gels to the root zone which will hold a modesty of body of water for the industrial plant . These can make a humanity of divergence especially under nerve-wracking shape . Be certain to be label counseling for their use .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be keep equally moist and water on a regular basis , as condition require . Most plant like 1 in of water a week during the growing season , but take care not to over water . The first two twelvemonth after a industrial plant is installed , even lacrimation is important for establishment . The first year is decisive . It is better to water once a week and water deeply , than to water frequently for a few minutes . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % water system so it of import to supply them with decent water . Proper watering is essential for honest industrial plant health . When there is not enough water system , root will wither and the plant will wilt . When too much water is applied too often , ascendent are deprived of O and diseases pass such as root and stalk hogwash .
The key to watering is frequency . Water well then wait long enough until the plant life needs to be re - irrigate according to its moisture necessity .
When watering , water system well . That is , provide enough water to good saturate the root egg . With containerized plant , apply enough H2O to allow water to flow through the drain pickle .
Avoid using cold water specially with houseplants . This can ball over tender roots . Fill lacrimation can with tepid water or give up frigid piddle to sit for a while to add up to room temperature before tearing . This is a right way to permit any harmful Cl in the water to disappear before being used .
Some plants are best irrigate by sub - irrigation , i.e. watering from the bottom up . This obviate splash piddle on the leave of absence of sensitive plant . plainly place the pot in a shallow cooking pan filled with tepid water and let the plant sit for 15 minutes to allow the root globe to be good fuddled . Take out and set aside sufficient drainage .
Use an unpainted dowel to facilitate you ascertain when to re - water large pots . Stick it into the soil formal & expect 5 minutes . The dowel will absorb wet from the soil and wrench a sinister colouring . Pull it out and examine . This will give you an idea of how wet the soil solution ball is .
root need oxygen to breathing place , do not admit plants to sit in a saucer fill up with piddle . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A week to 10 days before planting , tot up 2 to 4 inches of older manure or compost and work into the planting internet site to improve rankness and increase water retention and drain . If soil physical composition is sapless , a stratum of surface soil should be considered as well . No matter if your soil is grit or clay , it can be improved by adding the same thing : constitutional matter . The more , the better ; form deeply into the soil . devise beds to an 18 inch deep for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of oeuvre now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is well done later , once plants have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you set a perennial , it does not have in mind that you will savor years of sustentation - free horticulture . Perennials need to be cared for just like any other plant life . One affair that separate perennials is that they be given to be active growers that have to be thinned out occasionally or they will loose vigour .
As perennials prove , it is important to cut back them back and thin them out occasionally . This will foreclose them from completely taking over an area to the exclusion of other flora , and also will increase air circulation thereby reducing the relative incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many species also flower abundantly and grow rich seed . As bloom fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to take away spent flower before they form germ . This will prevent your plants from seeding all over the garden and will economise the considerable energy it require the industrial plant to bring forth seed .
As perennials mature , they may organise a impenetrable rootage passel that eventually leads to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to now and then melt off out a bandstand of such perennial . By dividing the root system , you’re able to make unexampled flora to imbed in another area of the garden or give away . Also root pruning will induce novel growth and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully part in either spring or tumble . Do a picayune prep ; some perennial do have a predilection . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an ornamental feature , a planting option when there is little or no grunge to plant in , or for plants that require a soil type not found in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is inferior . If growing more than one flora in a container , verify that all have similar ethnical requirements . Choose a container that is mystifying and large enough to let tooth root maturation and emergence as well as proportional balance between the fully developed plant and the container . establish declamatory containers in the place you signify them to stay . All containers should have drainage holes . A mesh topology screen , break clay stool pieces(crock ) or a newspaper coffee filter placed over the hole will keep soil from washing out . The potting soil you select should be an appropriate intermixture for the plants you have choose . Quality soils ( or soil - less medias ) plunge moisture promptly and evenly when lactating . If water runs off soil upon initial making water , this is an indicator that your soil may not be as skillful as you call back .
Prior to fulfil a container with grime , wet potting soil in the bag or place in a vat or garden cart so that it is evenly moist . sate container about halfway full or to a level that will tolerate plants , when plant , to be just below the rim of the pot . Rootballs should be tied with territory stock when project is complete . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennial for your garden by consider Sunday and shade through the day , vulnerability , water requisite , mood , grime physical composition , seasonal gloss desired , and position of other garden flora and trees .
The salutary clip to plant are leap and fall , when ground is workable and out of risk of frost . Fall plantings have the advantage that roots can develop and not have to compete with grow top growth as in the spring . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike wet status or for colder areas , permit full establishment before first winter . Planting in summertime or winter is not advisable for most plants , unless planting a more established sized plant life .
To plant container - grown plants : Prepare imbed hollow with appropriate profundity and place between . irrigate the plant life thoroughly and let the excess water drain before cautiously removing from the container . Carefully undo the stem lump and place the plant in the hole , make soil around the roots as you fulfil . If the works is super ancestor bound , separate radical with fingers . A few slits made with a air pocket knife are okay , but should be keep to a minimum . proceed filling in soil and water thoroughly , protecting from lineal sun until stable .
To plant bare - root industrial plant : works as soon as possible after purchase . ready suitable planting holes , broadcast theme and work filth among roots as you fill up in . piddle well and protect from direct sunlight until static .
To implant seedlings : A turn of perennials produce self - sown seedlings that can be transplanted . You may also start your own seedling layer for transplanting . Prepare suitable planting holes , spacing fitly for plant development . Gently go up the seedling and as much surrounding soil as potential with your garden trowel , and replant it instantly , firming soil with fingertips and urine well . Shade from direct sunlight and water on a regular basis until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake certain that the plant you have chosen is desirable for the status you are able to render it : that it will have enough wanton , space , and a temperature it will like . Remember that the area right next to a windowpane will be moth-eaten than the rest of the elbow room .
Indoor works need to be transplanted into a large container periodically , or they become pot / root - bound and their increment is check . Water the plant well before begin , so the ground will keep the root ball together when you take it from the pot . If you have trouble getting the plant out of the gage , try out guide a blade around the bound of the pot , and gently whacking the sides to untie the grime .
Always use refreshed soil when transplanting your indoor industrial plant . Fill around the plant gently with soil , being careful not to throng too tightly – you want air to be able to get to the roots . After the plant is in the new pot , do n’t feed right aside … this will encourage the roots to fill in their new home .
The sizing bay window you pick out is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch heavy in diam . Remember , many plant prefer being somewhat pot bound . Always commence with a clean pot !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is determine in most soil and enters the plant through the root or the stem at soil degree . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you distrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease lacrimation . If a works is too far rifle ( all the leaves from the bottom up are droop ) , remove it . If your plant life is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the gage with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 theatrical role water supply solution . Fungicides can be used , accord to recording label directions . confabulate a professional for a sound recommendation of what antifungal agent to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare lowly , fly insects that attack many type of plants and thrive in red-hot , dry circumstance ( like het up houses ) . They can multiply quickly as a female person can lay up to 300 eggs in a lifespan distich of 45 day without mating . Most of the damage to plants is get by the untested larvae which feed on affectionate leaf and flower tissue paper . This leads to twisted increase , injured bloom petal and premature flower drop . Thrips also can channel many harmful plant life virus .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and practice screening on windows to keep them out . Remove or discard infest plants , keep them away from non - infested plant . Trap with yellow sticky circuit card or take vantage of instinctive enemies such as predatory mites . Sometimes a good unfaltering shower of water will wash them off the flora . Consult your local garden kernel professional or county conjunctive propagation office for effectual chemical recommendation . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare lowly , 8 legged , spider - comparable creature which thrive in blistering , dry status ( like het up houses ) . Spider mites fee with piercing rima oris parts , which get plant to appear chickenhearted and speckled . Leaf drib and plant death can occur with big infestation . Spider mite can multiply speedily , as a female person can lay up to 200 ball in a life sentence pair of 30 days . They also get a web which can get across infested leave of absence and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and remove infested works . Dry air seems to worsen the problem , so ensure plants are on a regular basis watered , particularly those favor gamy humidity such as tropicals , citrus fruit , or tomatoes . Always check new plants prior to bringing them home from the garden center or nursery . Take advantage of natural opposition such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is commend by your local garden centre professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and follow all label directions . Concentrate your efforts on the undersides of the leave as that is where spider mites generally live . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , balmy - corporate insects that acquire a waxy powdery get across . They have piercing / draw mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like modest pieces of cotton and they lean to congregate where leave of absence and stems arm . They attack a panoptic mountain chain of plants . The young lean to move around until they find a suitable eating spot , then they hang out in colony and provender . mealy bug can weaken a flora leading to jaundiced leafage and leafage drop . They also produce a sugared substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can chair to an unattractive pitch-black surface fungal growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plant from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension berth in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage natural foeman such as gentlewoman mallet in the garden to help reduce population levels of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare modest , winged insects that take care like midget moths , which attack many types of plants . The flying grownup stage prefer the underside of leaves to feed and breed . whitefly can breed quickly as a female can consist up to 500 eggs in a life twosome of 2 calendar month . If a plant is infest with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can subvert a plant , eventually leading to institute end if they are not break . They can transmit many harmful flora viruses . They also give rise a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungous growth shout out pitchy mold .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in windowpane to keep them out ; remove infested plant away from non - infested industrial plant ; use a reflective mulch ( atomic number 13 hydrofoil ) under flora ( this repels whiteflies ) ; hole with yellow pasty cards , apply labeled pesticides ; boost natural enemies such as epenthetic WASP in the garden ; and sometimes a honest steady shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are mollusks , not louse . They can be ravening feeders , eating just about anything that is not woody or highly odorous . They may eat fix in leaf , strip intact stems , or completely devour seedlings and attendant transplants , go forth behind tell - tale silvery , despicable trails .
Prevention and control : Keep your garden as blank as possible , pass hiding spot such as leaf debris , over - turned pot , and tarps . Groundcover in shady places and heavy mulch provide protection from the element and can be favorite concealing home . In the spring , patrol for and demolish ballock ( clusters of small translucent sphere ) and grownup during twilight and dawn . place out beer traps from previous spring through crepuscule .
Many chemical controls are useable on the market , but can be poisonous and mortal for children and pets ; take care when using them - always study the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plant that do not have enough air circulation or enough spark . Problems are worse where Nox are cool and day are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is unremarkably found on the upper Earth’s surface of leaves or yield . leaf will often turn yellow or brown , curl up , and drop off . New foliage emerges scrunch and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often shake off betimes .
Prevention and Control : found resistant varieties and distance works properly so they pick up adequate Inner Light and zephyr circulation . Always body of water from below , maintain water off the foliage . This is paramount for rose . Go slow on the N fertiliser . Apply fungicides according to recording label directions before problem becomes severe and comply directions exactly , not missing any ask treatments . Sanitation is a must - strip up and murder all leaves , flowers , or dust in the fall and destroy . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are get by fungi or bacterium . Brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soak or yellow - edge coming into court . Insects , rain , ill-gotten garden tools , or even people can assist its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the plant life is dry . leaf that collect around the base of the plant should be rake up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at soil level . For fungal leafage spots , utilise a recommend fungicide harmonize to label counselling .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insects , related to mealy bug , that can be a problem on a extensive mixture of plant - indoor and outdoor . Young scale crawl until they discover a secure eating web site . The grownup female then lose their leg and remain on a spot protected by its heavy cuticle layer . They look as bumps , often on the lower sides of leaves . They have piercing mouth piece that suck the sap out of flora tissue paper . Scales can damp a plant leading to yellowed foliage and leafage cliff . They also grow a sweet substance name honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can conduct to an unattractive pitch-black control surface fungal emergence prognosticate sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden marrow professional or Cooperative Extension federal agency in your county for a sound recommendation regarding their control . advance natural enemy such as parasitical WASP in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the aerofoil of leave . It feeds on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scurf , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and staunch of the plant . The best way of life to check sooty mold is to command the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be pass over from leafage with a damp cloth or launder by with a hose - end sprayer .
