efflorescence plants , also called angiosperms , are the most diverse radical of plant on earth , with over a quarter million mintage in 435 families . What sets angiosperms aside strain beyond the bearing of often brilliant , showy blossoms when compared to their more demure , non - flowering relatives . flower intend differences in reproduction and evolution between different character of plants .

Evolution

There are four major classifications of plant : mosses , ferns , gymnosperm and angiosperm . Gymnosperms are non - flowering plants that produce semen , while angiosperms are flowering plant that produce seeds . Angiosperms evolved most recently of the dissimilar eccentric of plants with current idea point to the development of large magnolia - corresponding flowers on evergreen in the Mesozoic earned run average , thus introducing flowering plants into the industrial plant kingdom . Therefore , in terminal figure of evolution , flower plants are much younger than their non - flowering counterparts .

Anatomy

Because flowering plants are more highly evolved , their flesh is more complex as well . Flowers contain both male and female procreative structure , including an ovary attached to a construction holler the stigma that captures the pollen that fertilize the ovary . The ovaries of flower industrial plant often develop into fruit , which help in source dispersion . By compare , gymnosperm plant life – the most familiar example of which is the evergreen tree – develop ejaculate directly outside the plant , without the security of an ovary . Ferns and moss both reproduce using spores .

Pollination

The differences in shape between efflorescence and non - flowering plant life further suggest different method of pollination . Moss and ferns , being the most simplistic plants in terms of organic evolution , bank on water to transport their spores . While gymnosperm have evolved seed , they need the wind to carry pollen to the exposed cum . On the other script , the flower themselves of angiosperms are essential to ensuring pollenation . The often brightly colored and sweet - smelling flowers attract pollinator such as bees and butterflies to feed at the flower , express pollen from one flora to another .

Seed Structure

The phylogenesis of the seed is conceive one of the most important evolutionary developments in industrial plant . Mosses and ferns rely on spore to multiply , while gymnosperm and angiosperms bring forth seeds . The hard outer coats of seeds keep them protect , and dispersal of seeds is gentle than the dissemination of spores , which requires water . Between flowering and non - flowering seed industrial plant , further difference exist that illustrate the more innovative phylogenesis of the blossoming flora . In flowering plants , a process called threefold fertilization creates an special layer inside of the seed called the endosperm . The endosperm hold nutritive substances used to sustain the conceptus inside of the come . what is more , the seed of many flowering plants produce yet another stratum called the pericarp , which we acknowledge as fruit . This " fruit coat " offers nutriment to animal coinage who , upon consuming the yield , disperse the seeds contained within to distant locations .

Nutrient Transport

The phloem of a plant life is a vascular scheme used to transport nutrient from the leave to other part of the industrial plant . While all plants except mosses have phloem , blossoming plants have modernise companion cells in their phloem . Companion cells actively transport nutrient created in the leaves of the plant into the sieve elements through which nutrients move throughout the industrial plant .

References

…