Foliage is flavourless , sheeny and spiny ; normal vividness is dark olive green . tree diagram wield a small Great Pyramid wont . Fruit is vivid red . Gender is distaff . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This coinage does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . Check the sex before planting . This holly originate best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a unseasoned plant to advance furcate . Doing this invalidate the penury for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning involves removing whole branches back to the torso . This may be done to open up up the interior of a plant to let more luminousness in and to increase atmosphere circulation that can cut down on plant life disease . The best elbow room to begin thinning is to begin by removing dead or pathologic woodwind instrument .
Shearing is charge the surface of a shrub using hand or galvanising shears . This is done to assert the desired shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of one-time branch or the overall reduction of the sizing of a shrub to repair its original variety and sizing . It is urge that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a clip . Remember to take away branches from the inside of the works as well as the outside . When rejuvenate plants with canes , such as nandina , disregard back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as pic to more than 6 minute of uninterrupted , direct sun per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it perhaps diverted to a drainage ditch . If drain is wretched where pee tabular array is high , install an hugger-mugger drainage system . You should meet a contractile organ for this . If underground drain already subsist , check to see if they are block .
French drainpipe are another choice . Gallic waste pipe are ditches that have been filled with crushed rock . It is o.k. to embed sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where looking at are n’t as important , reckon of the Gallic drainage as a ditch fill with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 substructure deep and have sloping side of meat .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled infernal region where water is diverted to via underground pipes . This play well on sites that have compacted ground . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with gravel or crushed stone , topped with moxie and sodded or sow .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s prop . If you do not find that you’re able to implement a workable resolution on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it vocalize like . Soil is dampish without being quaggy because the grain of the soil allows excess moisture to debilitate forth . Most plant life like about 1 column inch of pee per hebdomad . Amending your soil with compost will help improve texture and pee holding or draining capability . A 3 inch stratum of mulch will help to keep land moisture and field have establish that mulched plants grow quicker than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grown , position the tree on its side and remove the container . Loosen the rootage around the edges without break up the root ball too much . Position tree in center of hole so that the best side faces forward . You are quick to begin filling in with stain .
If plant a balled and burlaped tree , set it in hole so that the best side face forwards . unbrace or remove nails from gunny at top of testis and pull gunny back , so it does not stick out of hollow when dirt is replace . semisynthetic gunny should be removed as it will not decompose like natural burlap . prominent trees often get in wire field goal . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but burn as much of the telegram away as possible without actually remove the field goal . probability are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basket . Simply cut away conducting wire to leave several magnanimous openings for roots .
Fill both holes with grunge the same way . Never better with less than half original soil . Recent subject field show that if your soil is idle enough , you are better off adding niggling or no soil amendment .
Create a water supply mob around the out edge of the golf hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will guide wet to perimeter roots , encouraging outer development . Once tree diagram is established , body of water ring may be leveled . Studies show that mulch trees get faster than those unmulched , so sum up a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized barque over backfilled area . Remove any damage limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enter the plant through the roots or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease lacrimation . If a plant is too far break ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , dispatch it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts weewee solution . antifungal agent can be used , accord to recording label directions . look up a master for a legal passport of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the dirt , manducate the etymon hair off of plants and dearest to tunnel through root crops such as onions , Allium sativum and Allium porrum . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , lustrous ashen and blunt - manoeuver . Adults are dark gray flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in early bounce may dissuade egg put on youthful plant . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and ruin infected plants . good nemtodes will feed on maggot as well . Till ground well in the fall to scupper and destroy pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small plaguey fly ball which can often be a pain in the neck inside the base . About the size of yield flies , they can be seen campaign on the soil surface of pots . They seem to favour wet soil conditions and may thrive in mix containing hardwood barque or manure . While the dirt ball - comparable larvae can do ancestor damage and adults can transmit plant disease , they rarely cause stark industrial plant impairment .
potential ascendance : avoid over - watering dirt . Another option : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the puerile phase . Adults can be controlled with recommended insect powder , as well . promote natural enemies such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , sluggish - white , mild - bodied worm that grow a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / wet-nurse back talk parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaf and halt branch . They attack a wide range of plants . The young lean to move around until they find a suited alimentation speckle , then they hang up out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can break a plant conduct to yellow foliation and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can direct to an unattractive black surface fungous maturation called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plant from those that are not . Consult your local garden center field professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical substance good word . further natural enemies such as dame beetles in the garden to help reduce population levels of mealy bug . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , wing insects that look like tiny moths , which attack many type of plants . The fly adult stage prefers the underside of leaf to fertilize and breed . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a living twain of 2 months . If a flora is infested with whitefly , you will see a swarm of fly insects when the plant is stir up . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , finally leading to plant death if they are not check . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a angelic center called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can guide to an unattractive black open fungal outgrowth called jet mold .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; function screen in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plants away from non - infested industrial plant ; employ a reflective mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plant ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellowed sticky cards , apply labeled pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden ; and sometimes a good unfluctuating exhibitor of urine will lave them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are belittled , cushy - corporate , slow - propel insects that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many color , ranging from dark-green to brown to bleak , and they may have wing . They assail a wide chain of mountains of plant specie causing stunt flying , deform folio and buds . They can transmit harmful plant viruses with their piercing / suckle mouthparts . Aphids , mostly , are merely a nuisance , since it takes many of them to do serious plant damage . However aphids do produce a sweet inwardness called honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can top to an untempting black aerofoil growth called sooty mould .
Aphids can increase quickly in number and each female can produce up to 250 springy nymphs in the grade of a calendar month without coupling . Aphids often seem when the environment changes - outflow & fall . They ’re often massed at the bakshish of branches fertilize on lush tissue . Aphids are attracted to the colour yellowness and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute lower limit , especially around desirable industrial plant . On edibles , wash off infect region of plant . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various products - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . Seek the good word of a professional and follow all label procedure to a football tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis normally happen on flora that do not have enough airwave circulation or equal light . problem are worse where nights are cool and twenty-four hour period are warm and humid . The powdery livid or gray fungus is usually launch on the upper surface of folio or fruit . Leaves will often move around yellow or brown , wave up , and drop off . unexampled foliation come forth crinkled and perverted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drop early .
Prevention and Control : imbed resistant varieties and space plants properly so they get adequate Inner Light and air circulation . Always piddle from below , keep pee off the foliage . This is predominant for roses . Go slow on the atomic number 7 plant food . Apply antimycotic agent consort to recording label directions before problem becomes terrible and follow direction exactly , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - houseclean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and demolish . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are excessively gamy and fungous spores present in the soil , issue forth in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of stem discolor and flinch , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and break . Leaves near base are touch on first . The rootage will turn bootleg and waste or weaken . This fungus kingdom can be introduced by using unsterilised soil admixture or pollute urine .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plant and their roots , and discard surrounding grunge . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use overbold , sterilized ground commixture . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water supply plants and make certain that ground is well debilitate prior to plant . This fungus is not treatable by chemical substance .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom search similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drain soils . fungus : Leaf SpotsLeaf dapple are due to fungi or bacteria . Brown or black situation and eyepatch may be either ragged or circular , with a water supply rob or yellow - edge appearance . Insects , rain , dirty garden tools , or even hoi polloi can help its spreading .
Prevention and Control : transfer infect leaves when the flora is dry . leave-taking that amass around the fundament of the plant life should be scan up and disposed of . forfend overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be directed at soil level . For fungal foliage spots , use a recommend fungicide according to recording label directions .
pestis : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a terminal figure that apply to various larvae ( of moths , beetles , and fly front ) that tunnel between upper and downcast leaf surface , leave a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A distaff adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the foliage which hatch and give cost increase to miners . Leaf miners attack ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout individual plant for tell - tale squiggle . cull and destroy these leaves and take reward of born enemy such as parasitical wasps . recognise the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to place insecticide spray when most good for controlling the specific leaf miner . attempt a professional recommendation and follow all recording label subroutine to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension spot . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the final result of a plant life contagion , triggered by a fungus , and may cause grave defoliation , especially in trees , but rarely results in death . Sunken patches on stalk , yield , leafage , or twigs , seem grayish brown , may appear reeking , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that appear slime - like . On vegetable , spots may dilate as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once install they are heavy to insure . Isolate infest plants away from those that are not invade . confer with your local garden centre professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal good word regarding their control . Encourage natural enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that regurgitate by cell sectionalisation , spore , or fragmentation . It thrives in warming water that receives full sun and has an ample supplying of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying area on land or in drainage ditches . Most noticeable in spring , when body of water begins to warm , as a green mold or film on the pool ’s surface . On land , alga may come out unworthy and green or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The best bar is to strain for an ecologically balanced pond . It is commend that you provide at least one oxygenise industrial plant per 1 satisfying invertebrate foot of pond Earth’s surface . Good oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which contend with algae for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The second step would be to kibosh any plant food runoff from entering the pool and to reduce the amount of nutrient fed to angle . Both overburden H2O with food , making algae problems worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrate the pond ’s surface is the third step . kingdom Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is receive on the surface of folio . It feeds on honeydew eliminate from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or emmet . Though not serious , it is untempting when it plow / char the leaves and halt of the plant . The good way to insure sooty mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mould can usually be wiped from leaves with a moist material or washed aside with a hose - end spray . disease : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacterium that kill plant life tissue . Symptoms often show up as the speedy spotting or wilting of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various industrial plant , each involve a wide-ranging method acting of control condition .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under control . These plant feeding insects scatter computer virus . Viruses can also be introduced by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when pruning ) . get bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plant should be checked , as well as pecker and existing industrial plant . Use only certified seed that is deemed disease - free . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not establish closely pertain plant in the same surface area every year .
