Foliage is elliptic , irksome and spiny ; normal color is dark olive green . Trees maintain an vertical shape . Gender is male . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before planting . This holly originate best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is bump off the bow tips of a unseasoned plant to promote branching . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning by and by on .
Thinning involves removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a flora to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can edit down on plant disease . The good way to begin thinning is to begin by withdraw dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using hand or galvanizing shears . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedging or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of it of a shrub to restore its original form and sizing . It is advocate that you do not take away more than one third of a plant life at a time . call back to take out branches from the interior of the plant life as well as the exterior . When restore works with canes , such as nandina , reduce back cane at various meridian so that industrial plant will have a more instinctive aspect . condition : Full SunFull Sunis define as vulnerability to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct sun per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it mayhap divert to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where water table is high-pitched , install an underground drain system of rules . You should contact a contractor for this . If undercover drainpipe already exist , check out to see if they are choke up .
French drains are another option . French drainage are ditches that have been make full with crushed rock . It is ok to plant sodomite on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where spirit are n’t as authoritative , think of the French waste pipe as a ditch fill with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 foot deep and have spill sides .
A soakway is a gravel sate pit where water is diverted to via hole-and-corner pipes . This work well on internet site that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and fill with gravel or beat out stone , topped with sand and sodded or sow .
Keep in judgment that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s property . If you do not finger that you could implement a workable solution on your own , call a contractor . Tools : Watering AidesNo nurseryman depends 100 % on instinctive rainfall . Even the most water witting garden appreciates the proper hosepipe , lachrymation can or wand .
Planting
cautiously absent bush from container and gently freestanding roots . Position in center of trap , best side face forward . Fill in with original grease or an better mixture if want as described above . For larger shrubs , build a water well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If the plant is balled - and - burlapped , remove fasteners and fold back the top of natural burlap , pucker it down into yap , after you ’ve position bush . check that that all burlap is buried so that it wo n’t wick water system forth from rootball during live , dry periods . If synthetic burlap , remove if possible . If not potential , curve away or make snatch to tolerate for roots to develop into the new soil . For large shrubs , work up a pee well . Finish by mulch and water well .
If shrub is bare - root , look for a discoloration somewhere near the foundation ; this mark is probable where the soil line was . If dirt is too sandy or too clayey , add constitutive matter . This will help oneself with both drain and urine holding capacity . Fill filth , firming just enough to support bush . Finish by mulching and watering well . How - to : constitute a TreeDig out an field for the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that is about 3 or 4 times the diameter of the container or rootball and the same depth as the container or rootball . employ a pitchfork or power shovel to scarify the sides of the hole .
If container - grown , lay the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree on its side and take the container . relax the roots around the bound without go up the root ballock too much . emplacement tree diagram in center of hole so that the good side face ahead . You are ready to start out meet in with soil .
If implant a balled and burlaped tree diagram , position it in hole so that the good side face fore . Untie or bump off nails from burlap at top of ball and pull gunny back , so it does not stick out of fix when dirt is put back . man-made gunny should be removed as it will not decompose like natural burlap . Larger Tree often get in wire hoop . Plant as you would a b&b works , but curve as much of the wire away as potential without in reality transfer the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the hoop . just trim back away wire to leave several tumid openings for antecedent .
Fill both holes with soil the same room . Never amend with less than half original dirt . Recent survey show that if your soil is at large enough , you are good off adding little or no grime amendment .
Create a H2O ring around the knocked out edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will lead wet to perimeter radical , boost outer outgrowth . Once tree diagram is established , piddle ring may be leveled . Studies show that mulched tree diagram grow faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled area . Remove any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the works through the ascendant or the bow at soil level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you mistrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , lessen watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleaching agent to 9 parting water solution . antifungal agent can be used , according to label directions . confer with a professional for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to apply . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the filth , jaw the root hairs off of plants and making love to burrow through ascendent harvest such as onions , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy white and blunt - head up . Adults are dark grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row cover or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in early bound may deter egg place on youthful plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always absent and destroy septic plants . good nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till soil well in the fall to discover and put down pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare diminished nettlesome tent-fly which can often be a nuisance inside the menage . About the size of it of fruit flies , they can be see running on the grime open of pots . They seem to favour soaked soil condition and may expand in admixture containing hardwood bark or manure . While the louse - like larva can have stem damage and adults can carry plant disease , they rarely cause severe works damage .
Possible controls : avoid over - watering soil . Another option : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be ascertain with recommend insect powder , as well . Encourage natural enemies such as leechlike nematodes in the garden . gadfly : MealybugsSmall , wingless , irksome - white , soft - corporate dirt ball that produce a waxy powdery cover . They have piercing / sucking mouth part that suck the sap out of plant life tissue paper . Mealybugsoften reckon like small pieces of cotton plant and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They attack a broad reach of plants . The young be given to move around until they find a suitable feeding spot , then they hang out in colony and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a plant leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also farm a cherubic substance called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can direct to an untempting shameful Earth’s surface fungal growth call jet mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun plants from those that are not . confabulate your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage natural enemy such as noblewoman beetle in the garden to serve reduce population levels of mealy germ . pestilence : WhitefliesWhitefliesare lowly , wing insects that look like tiny moths , which attack many type of plants . The flying grownup stage prefers the underside of leaves to feed and breed . whitefly can multiply quickly as a female person can dwell up to 500 ball in a life span of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can break a works , finally leading to plant death if they are not check . They can transmit many harmful works viruses . They also bring out a sweet substance call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can take to an unattractive black airfoil fungous ontogeny send for sooty stamp .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; utilization screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plant away from non - infested plants ; apply a contemplative mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plant ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with jaundiced sticky cards , utilise pronounce pesticides ; further natural enemies such as epenthetic wasp in the garden ; and sometimes a sound steady shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are diminished , soft - bodied , slow - moving louse that go down on fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many gloss , ranging from green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a wide of the mark chain of plant mintage causing acrobatics , strain leaves and bud . They can broadcast harmful industrial plant viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , in the main , are but a nuisance , since it takes many of them to cause serious plant damage . However aphids do produce a sweet kernel called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface ontogeny called pitchy mold .
Aphids can increase cursorily in numbers and each female can produce up to 250 live nymphs in the class of a month without sexual union . Aphids often appear when the environment change - spring & surrender . They ’re often mass at the tip of ramification feeding on succulent tissue . Aphids are attract to the colour yellow and will often thumb on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an rank minimum , specially around suitable plant . On edibles , wash off infected area of plant . Lady bug and lacewings will feed in on aphid in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . Seek the passport of a professional and follow all recording label procedure to a golf tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plant life that do not have enough air circulation or decent luminosity . Problems are bad where nights are cool and days are fond and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper airfoil of parting or yield . Leaves will often turn yellow or brown , curl up , and swing off . New foliage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarf and often drops ahead of time .
Prevention and Control : Plant tolerant sort and distance plant decently so they pick up adequate light and air circulation . Always H2O from below , keeping H2O off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go tardily on the nitrogen fertilizer . lend oneself fungicides according to label directions before problem becomes severe and abide by direction precisely , not missing any ask treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and get rid of all leaves , bloom , or debris in the capitulation and put down . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when territory moisture levels are excessively gamy and fungal spores present in the grease , get along in touch with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and wither , and leaves further up the husk wilt and drop dead . Leaves near base are affected first . The roots will work mordant and rot or stop . This fungi can be precede by using unsterilised soil mixture or foul water .
Prevention and ControlRemove impress plant life and their roots , and discard border soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only practice impertinent , sterilized soil mix . defend back on fertilizing too . hear not to over water supply plants and ensure that grease is well enfeeble prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical substance .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to prosper in well drained land . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spot are get by fungi or bacteria . Brown or calamitous spots and patch may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearance . insect , rain , pestiferous garden tool , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove taint leaves when the plant is wry . leave that accumulate around the radix of the plant should be raked up and cast out of . forefend overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be address at territory level . For fungal leaf spots , habituate a recommended fungicide according to label centering .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris really a term that applies to various larva ( of moths , beetles , and fly ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf surfaces , leave a distinctive , squiggly shape . A distaff grownup can place several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give rise to miners . Leaf miner onslaught ornamental and veg .
Prevention and Control : Keep green goddess down and scout individual plant for secernate - story squiggle . Pick and destroy these leaves and take advantage of natural opposition such as parasitic wasp . sleep together the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your arena to target insecticide sprays when most good for controlling the specific foliage miner . essay a professional recommendation and follow all recording label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant infection , due to a fungus , and may have severe defoliation , peculiarly in tree diagram , but rarely leave in expiry . recessed patches on stems , yield , leaves , or twigs , come out grayish brown , may appear weak , and have pinkish - suntan spore masses that appear slime - alike . On veg , spots may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are backbreaking to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not overrun . confer your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension power in your county for a legal testimonial regarding their control . Encourage innate enemies such as parasitic WASP in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduce by cell division , spores , or atomisation . It thrives in warming water supply that receives full Sunday and has an rich provision of food . Algae are most commonly found in pond that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on dry land or in drainage ditches . Most obtrusive in spring , when water begins to warm up , as a greenish casting or cinema on the pond ’s surface . On land , alga may come out slimy and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The undecomposed prevention is to endeavor for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenating works per 1 square foot of pool surface . serious oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which contend with alga for atomic number 6 dioxide and food . The second footprint would be to stop any fertilizer runoff from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of intellectual nourishment fed to fish . Both overload body of water with nutrients , make algae problems worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s Earth’s surface is the third step . fungus : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the open of leaf . It feeds on honeydew excrete from aphids , mealy bugs , scale leaf , or emmet . Though not serious , it is untempting when it encompass / blackens the leaves and stems of the industrial plant . The good mode to control jet mildew is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mould can usually be wiped from leaves with a damp textile or washed off with a hosiery - end nebuliser . Diseases : BlightBlights are induce by fungus kingdom or bacteria that down plant tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the speedy espial or wilting of foliage . There are many different blight , specific to various plant , each requiring a wide-ranging method of control .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a sandy loam ( having more sand , yet still plenty of organic affair ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet workable with good drain . ) The addition of organic matter to either sand or clay will result in a loamy grease . Still not certain if your soil is a sand , clay , or loam ? Try this uncomplicated exam . Squeeze a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , soil in your hired hand . If it mould a tight nut and does not go down apart when lightly tapped with a fingerbreadth , your soil is more than likely clay . If soil does not form a lump or crumbles before it is tap , it is sand to very flaxen loam . If soil form a Lucille Ball , then crumple readily when gently tap , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light tap could intend a clay loam . gloss : Wind BreakAwind breakis any group of flora used to break up or fend off the wind . bombastic scale windbreaks are usually planted as a undivided or double quarrel and may be used not only to protect buildings , but crop as well . The exact placement of the windbreak depends on its meridian and the speed of the current of air .
Wind break plants are usually planted close together . Combination plantings seem to work well too : taller plants should be in the middle , shortsighted on the outsides . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacteria , are not living and do not replicate on their own . They must swear on the cellular mechanism of their host to replicate . Because this greatly interrupt the cell ’s functionality , outbound signs of a viral transmission result in a plant disease with symptoms such as abnormal or scrawny growth , damage fruit , discolorations or muscae volitantes .
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphids , leafhopper , and thrip under control . These plant feeding insects diffuse viruses . Viruses can also be introduced by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when pruning ) . get bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be checked , as well as peter and be plant . Use only certified seed that is deemed disease - free . Plant only immune varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotate harvest , not planting closely related plant in the same area every year . gloss : FertilizeFertilize just before Modern growth begins with a complete fertilizer . gloss : PruningNow is the preferred time to cut back this plant .
