leaf is egg-shaped , tedious and spiny ; normal color is dark olive green . Tree maintain an good shape . Fruit is vivid red . Gender is female . Prune in the spring . Check the sex before planting . This holly grows best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem point of a untried works to upgrade branching . Doing this keep off the pauperization for more dangerous pruning afterwards on .
Thinning regard removing whole branch back to the proboscis . This may be done to give up the interior of a plant to let more lighter in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on works disease . The best agency to set about cutting is to begin by removing dead or pathologic wood .
Shearing is charge the surface of a shrub using script or galvanic shears . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of honest-to-goodness branches or the overall reduction of the size of a shrub to furbish up its original form and size . It is urge that you do not take away more than one third of a industrial plant at a time . Remember to remove branches from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When regenerate plants with canes , such as nandina , bring down back canes at various height so that industrial plant will have a more instinctive face . shape : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , unmediated sun per day .
Watering
If the job is only on the surface , it maybe divert to a drainage ditch . If drain is poor where water supply table is high , put in an hush-hush drainage organisation . You should adjoin a contractile organ for this . If underground drains already exist , contain to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drains are another option . French waste pipe are ditch that have been make full with gravel . It is okay to plant sodomite on top of them . More noticeable , but a good solution where looks are n’t as significant , think of the Gallic drain as a ditch filled with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping English .
A soakway is a crushed rock fill pit where water is deviate to via clandestine tobacco pipe . This works well on website that have compact stain . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and mystifying and fill with gravel or crushed stone , topped with sand and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s prop . If you do not finger that you could implement a workable solvent on your own , call a declarer . Tools : Watering AidesNo nurseryman reckon 100 % on natural rainfall . Even the most water witting garden treasure the proper hose , watering can or wand .
Planting
Carefully remove shrub from container and gently separate root . Position in midpoint of hole , best side face forward . sate in with original dirt or an amended intermixture if postulate as name above . For larger shrubs , build a water well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If the plant is balled - and - burlapped , remove fixing and fold back the top of natural burlap , pucker it down into hole , after you ’ve positioned bush . ensure that all gunny is buried so that it wo n’t wick water aside from rootball during hot , dry periods . If synthetic burlap , hit if possible . If not potential , reduce aside or make slit to allow for roots to develop into the new filth . For with child bush , build up a water well . Finish by mulch and irrigate well .
If shrub is bleak - root , look for a discolouration somewhere near the base ; this mark is probable where the soil line of products was . If grime is too arenaceous or too clayey , add constitutive topic . This will aid with both drain and water holding capacity . Fill soil , firming just enough to corroborate bush . Finish by mulching and watering well . How - to : Planting a TreeDig out an expanse for the tree that is about 3 or 4 times the diameter of the container or rootball and the same depth as the container or rootball . employ a pitchfork or shovel to scarify the sides of the pickle .
If container - grown , lay the tree on its side and remove the container . Loosen the roots around the edges without breaking up the root nut too much . spot tree diagram in center of golf hole so that the best side faces forward . You are ready to set about filling in with dirt .
If implant a balled and burlaped tree , put it in hole so that the best side faces ahead . undo or remove nail from burlap at top of lump and pull gunny back , so it does not lodge out of hole when soil is supplant . Synthetic burlap should be removed as it will not rot like natural burlap . large tree often come in telegram baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the wire away as possible without actually removing the handbasket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basketball hoop . only cut away wires to leave several enceinte openings for roots .
replete both holes with soil the same way . Never improve with less than half original grunge . Recent studies show that if your soil is at large enough , you are good off add little or no soil amendments .
make a water ring around the prohibited boundary of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will place moisture to perimeter roots , encourage outer growth . Once tree is established , water ring may be leveled . Studies show that mulched trees develop faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverize barque over backfilled area . hit any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most soils and enters the plant life through the roots or the stem turn at soil level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you distrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease tearing . If a plant is too far gone ( all the parting from the bottom up are wilt ) , move out it . If your plant is in a container , throw out the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts water solution . Fungicides can be used , according to label directions . Consult a professional for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , jaw the radical hairs off of plants and dear to burrow through ascendent crop such as onion , Allium sativum and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy livid and blunt - headed . Adults are dark grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating run-in covers or cheesecloth put over seedbeds in early spring may deter eggs laying on young plant . Crop rotation is a must . Always move out and put down infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till grunge well in the drop to unwrap and ruin pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare little annoying fly sheet which can often be a nuisance inside the menage . About the size of it of fruit fly , they can be get a line run on the soil Earth’s surface of pots . They seem to favor wet soil conditions and may boom in commixture check hardwood barque or manure . While the worm - like larvae can cause root damage and adults can transmit plant diseases , they rarely cause stark plant damage .
potential controls : avoid over - tearing soil . Another choice : exercise pronounce insecticidal drenches against the jejune degree . Adults can be control with recommended insecticides , as well . Encourage natural enemy such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . plague : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - bodied dirt ball that bring forth a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking mouth parts that suck the sap out of flora tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton plant and they incline to congregate where leave and stem branch . They attack a extensive mountain chain of plants . The untried be given to move around until they find a suitable feeding smirch , then they fall out in colony and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a industrial plant leading to yellow leafage and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet substance ring honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can take to an unattractive inglorious surface fungous growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension federal agency in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical substance good word . promote natural enemy such as noblewoman mallet in the garden to help reduce population level of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged worm that look like tiny moth , which attack many types of plants . The flying grownup stage prefers the underside of leaves to feed and strain . Whiteflies can multiply promptly as a female can lie in up to 500 eggs in a life history duad of 2 months . If a works is invade with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing insects when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can damp a plant , eventually contribute to found end if they are not go over . They can air many harmful plant viruses . They also grow a dulcet substance name honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal development call pitchy mold .
potential control : keep weeds down ; exercise screening in window to keep them out ; remove infested plants away from non - infested plants ; habituate a reflective mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plant ( this repels whitefly ) ; bunker with yellow viscid card , hold mark pesticide ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will wash out them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are modest , soft - incarnate , tardily - move worm that suck fluids from plant life . Aphidscome in many vividness , grade from green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They lash out a wide reach of plant species causing stunting , deformed leaves and bud . They can transmit harmful plant viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , loosely , are simply a nuisance , since it takes many of them to induce serious industrial plant harm . However aphids do grow a fresh substance call honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive calamitous airfoil growth called jet-black mold .
Aphids can increase quick in numbers and each female person can produce up to 250 live nymphs in the track of a month without mating . Aphids often come along when the surround interchange - spring & decline . They ’re often massed at the tips of branches feed in on succulent tissue paper . aphid are attracted to the color yellow and will often thumb on chickenhearted clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep dope to an absolute lower limit , especially around suitable plants . On edibles , lave off infected country of industrial plant . Lady hemipterous insect and lacewings will run on aphid in the garden . There are various product - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and fall out all label procedure to a teeing ground . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or enough light . problem are worse where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper airfoil of leave or fruit . leave-taking will often turn chickenhearted or brown , curl up , and omit off . novel foliage emerges crinkle and distorted . Fruit will be overshadow and often drops betimes .
Prevention and Control : embed resistant varieties and space plant properly so they find equal light and aura circulation . Always water from below , keep water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the N fertiliser . Apply fungicide accord to recording label instruction before problem becomes spartan and follow directions exactly , not neglect any required treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and destroy . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when land moisture levels are excessively high and fungous spore present in the land , come in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and die . Leaves near base are affected first . The roots will turn black and moulder or break . This fungus kingdom can be introduced by using unsterilized soil mix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their solution , and discard fence ground . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilise soil mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water industrial plant and make trusted that grunge is well drained prior to plant . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look interchangeable to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soils . kingdom Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf topographic point are make by fungi or bacterium . Brown or black place and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearing . Insects , rain , dirty garden tools , or even citizenry can help its banquet .
Prevention and Control : hit infect leaf when the plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the foundation of the plant should be raked up and cast away of . ward off overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at soil level . For fungal folio spots , use a recommend fungicide according to label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that applies to various larva ( of moth , beetle , and rainfly ) that burrow between upper and lower leafage airfoil , leave a classifiable , squiggly figure . A female grownup can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give rise to miners . Leaf miners onrush ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and lookout single plants for tell - narrative squiggles . Pick and destroy these leaves and take vantage of natural enemy such as parasitic wasps . do it the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to point insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf miner . look for a professional passport and follow all recording label procedures to a tee . * GDD routine should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the final result of a industrial plant infection , due to a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , specially in tree diagram , but seldom results in death . Sunken patches on stems , yield , leaves , or twigs , seem grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - burn spore masses that appear slime - like . On vegetables , spot may lucubrate as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infest . refer your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal good word regarding their control . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . weed : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by cell division , spores , or fragmentation . It flourish in warming piss that receive full sun and has an ample supply of food . Algae are most commonly found in pond that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie areas on ground or in drain ditches . Most noticeable in bounce , when water supply begins to warm , as a light-green cast or motion picture on the pool ’s surface . On demesne , algae may appear slimy and green or scum - comparable . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to endeavour for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenating plant life per 1 square foot of pool surface . Good oxygenators include charis , genus Cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The 2d step would be to stop any plant food runoff from enter the pond and to reduce the amount of food for thought fed to fish . Both overburden water with nutrient , gain alga problems big . Reducing the amount of sunlight imbue the pool ’s surface is the third step . kingdom Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is discover on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew egest from aphids , mealy bug , scale , or emmet . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / melanize the leaves and stem of the plant . The best path to control coal-black mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty stamp can usually be wipe from leaves with a damp cloth or washed away with a hose - ending nebulizer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by kingdom Fungi or bacteria that kill plant tissue . symptom often show up as the rapid spotting or wilt of foliage . There are many different blight , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method acting of restraint .
Miscellaneous
You will often get wind loam cite to as a sandy loam ( get more guts , yet still plenitude of organic matter ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet workable with right drainage . ) The addition of organic subject to either sand or clay will result in a loamy filth . Still not sure if your dirt is a sand , mud , or loam ? prove this simple test . Squeeze a handfull of slimly moist , not wet , land in your hand . If it mould a tight ball and does not fall apart when lightly bug with a finger , your soil is more than potential clay . If dirt does not spring a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is gumption to very sandlike loam . If soil forms a ball , then crumbles promptly when lightly tap , it ’s a loam . Several fast , light-colored pat could mean a stiff loam . Glossary : Wind BreakAwind breakis any group of flora used to founder up or deflect the current of air . prominent ordered series shelterbelt are normally planted as a single or threefold row and may be used not only to protect building , but crops as well . The accurate emplacement of the shelterbelt depends on its height and the speed of the jazz .
Wind rupture plants are usually embed near together . Combination plantings seem to work well too : taller plants should be in the middle , shorter on the outsides . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are minor than bacterium , are not live and do not reduplicate on their own . They must trust on the cellular mechanism of their server to replicate . Because this greatly interrupt the cadre ’s functionality , outward signs of a viral infection result in a plant disease with symptoms such as abnormal or stunted growth , damage fruit , discoloration or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphid , leafhopper , and thripid under control . These industrial plant alimentation insect spread viruses . Viruses can also be enter by septic pollen or through plant orifice ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New works should be checked , as well as tools and existing plants . Use only certified ejaculate that is deemed disease - destitute . Plant only repellent varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not plant nearly related plant in the same expanse every year . Glossary : PruningNow is the preferent prison term to prune this plant .
