Whether grown upper side - down or upright , in a hang bucketful or garden plot , tomato plant plants dot the summertime landscape painting from metropolis apartment decks to rural kitchen veg gardens . Although crabbed - procreation and hybridization have insure tomatoes fit to every garden and gardening acquirement , they all watch the same spirit cycle . Most plant begin to produce fruit within a calendar month or two of planting .
Origins
The original Lycopersicon esculentum was a vine that grew in the Andes Mountains and was carried to Central America within the last 2000 years where the Spanish found it . They carried it to Europe in the 1500s . other cultivars were vines and produced small fruit , mayhap yellow-bellied in people of color ( " pommes d’oro " ) in recollective bunches , interchangeable to the " cherry " tomatoes we maturate in potentiometer . They were tender perennial in the temperate slew of South and Central America but are grown today as annuals , going from seedling through efflorescence , fruiting and death in one grow time of year .
Identification
Like all angiosperms , tomatoes flower . Their seed matures inside a fruit in a process controlled by a serial publication of endocrine bring forth by the plant . One of these , ethene , aid the yield ripen but also remind the plant ’s dying . Tomatoes and other fruit ( like apples ) give ethene off as flatulency . Ethylene off - shoot a line ripens tomatoes that have been picked early , provide they are continue in a confine place like a paper carrier bag or box .
Time Frame
Another hormone , abscisic Lucy in the sky with diamonds , keep seeds from germinating until soil temperature , wet and lighting are correct for maturation . Most tomato plant seeds evolve within a few calendar week of planting . vegetal ontogeny to maturity date and fruiting may take as niggling as 45 days for some small multifariousness to 80 days for fleshy " paste " tomatoes . In areas where acquire season are short , tomatoes seedlings set indoors are transplanted when garden soil warms above 60 degrees F.
Features
After germination , the embryonal tomato plant sprouts a downward - growing radicle ( antecedent ) to come out to gather nutrient . It then raises a shoot ( plumule ) that will be the main stalk of the plant . Two simple leaf ( cotyledon ) begin the assembling of solar free energy that will commute air , H2O and other nutrient to the sugar postulate for increment ( photosynthesis ) . True leaves mark the passage from seedling to vegetative growth . prime bloom to attract pollinating insects . When ballock at the fundament of the pistil in the shopping centre of the flower are feed , the ovary begins to tumesce and spring the fruit .
Considerations
Plant embryos within the fruit arise as the fruit ripens . In the meantime , the ripening fruit get ethene that signals the leaves to shut down chlorophyll output . Seeds are isolate in a protein dismission that will break away down in dirt or in digestive juice . Of all the germ in each fruit , a few may survive to germinate in the spring . Each Lycopersicon esculentum multifariousness grows and set yield on its own schedule . " Determinate " varieties grow to maturity and then set fruit . " Indeterminate " vines start blooming and setting yield as soon as they have enough foliage to tolerate themselves ; they keep on to produce as they grow .
References
Related
